Difference between IOPS and Throughput

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This is the analogy I came up with when talking about Throughput and IOPS.

Think of it as :

You have 4 buckets (Disk blocks) of the same size that you want to fill or empty water.
You'll be using a jug to transfer the water into the buckets. Now your question will be :

At a given time (per second), how many jugs of water can you pour(write) or withdraw (read)? This is IOPS

At a given time (per second) what's the amount(bit, kb, mb, ect) of water the jug can transfer into/out of the bucket continuously? This is throughput.

Additionally, there is a delay in the process of you pouring and or withdrawing the water. This is Latency.

There are three things to consider when talking about IOPS and Throughput:
Size (file size/ block size)

Patterns (Random/Sequential)

Mix (Read/Write) percentage

As an example, consider 3000 IOPS on a SQL database engine. The block size for the db engine is called the page size which for SQL Server is 8 KB. Using the formula below, you can calculate the actual throughput once the IOPS value is known:

throughput = [IOPS] * [block size] = 3000 * 8 = 24 000 KB/s = 24 MB/s


Source : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15759571/iops-versus-throughput#:~:text=4%20Answers&text=IOPS%20measures%20the%20number%20of,have%20about%20the%20same%20size.

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